If I Took Hiv Shot Do I Need to Do It Again
What Is HIV? Understanding Causes, Symptoms, Treatments and More
Human immunodeficiency virus, more than commonly known as HIV, is a virus that, without handling, leads to deterioration of your trunk's immune system to a betoken where your body has problem fighting off balmy infections. When your immune system has become severely damaged after a prolonged flow with HIV, it's known every bit acquired allowed deficiency syndrome or AIDS.
HIV is a bloodborne retrovirus that infects specific cells in the homo immune organisation called CD4 T cells. CD4 cells normally play an important role in your immune system. They're responsible for detecting harmful pathogens like bacteria and viruses then your body tin can begin fighting off those pathogens.
At that place'southward no cure for HIV, and in one case you lot contract information technology, the virus volition remain in your body for life. Over time, if left untreated, HIV tin progressively impairment your immune system to a point where you go susceptible to AIDS-defining illnesses — infections and conditions that wouldn't normally make you lot sick if your allowed organisation was operation properly.
In honor of National HIV/AIDS & Aging Sensation Mean solar day, we're going to talk over the causes of, symptoms of, and treatments for HIV and AIDs.
Many people have no symptoms at all afterwards initially becoming infected with HIV. However, most people do feel some non-specific symptoms within the showtime few weeks later infection. This means the symptoms are typical of many illnesses and don't immediately signal to one specific condition as their cause. For HIV, non-specific symptoms include:
- Influenza-like symptoms
- Diarrhea
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Headache
- Stiff or agonized muscles
- Rash
- Mouth ulcers
- Sore throat
- Sweating at night
- Swollen lymph glands
Subsequently this initial disease, which is known as "seroconversion," most people alive for many years without any symptoms until the virus has harmed their immune system to a point where they outset to become significantly more vulnerable to infections and illnesses.
HIV is nowadays in the blood, pre-ejaculatory fluid, semen, vaginal fluid, rectal fluid, and chest milk of people with the virus. HIV can exist transmitted by:
- Sexual contact, including vaginal, anal, and oral sex, and through the sharing of sex toys
- Sharing of needles, which most commonly occurs in groups of people who are using intravenous drugs
- Receiving a blood transfusion from an infected private; this rarely occurs in developed countries, as donor blood is usually screened for blood-borne viruses such as HIV
- Childbirth; HIV can be passed from the pregnant parent to the child during pregnancy or childbirth
- Breastfeeding; HIV exists in breast milk and tin be passed on to a child
In rare cases, HIV can too exist spread by:
- Ingesting pre-chewed nutrient from someone who has the virus; this is a mutual practice in some underdeveloped countries and is generally done to feed pocket-size children or elderly people
- Existence bitten by someone or biting someone who has HIV
- Kissing, if there is haemorrhage within the mouth
- Undergoing body-modification procedures such as tattoos or piercings if tools are not properly sterilized betwixt clients
The vast bulk of cases of HIV in the The states are acquired via sexual contact. HIV cannot be spread past:
- Air
- Water
- Insect bites
- Saliva
- Sweat
- Tears
- Casual contact such as shaking hands or hugging
Diagnosing HIV
HIV is usually diagnosed via a blood test. The well-nigh accurate and reliable test is known every bit a 4th-generation test. Information technology checks for both a specific part of the HIV viral structure (called the p24 antigen) and your ain torso's response to the infection (HIV antibodies).
Bespeak-of-care tests are also available, and they differ from fourth-generation tests. These take a minor sample of saliva or blood and provide a outcome in less than an hour. Yet, these are less sensitive and may non choice upward all cases of HIV due to the smaller concentration of antibodies in the saliva or pocket-sized blood sample. You should always follow up a point-of-care issue with a confirmatory laboratory examination. At that place are as well self-sampling and home-testing kits bachelor.
Any positive upshot is usually repeated to check it wasn't a rare faux-positive. If you're diagnosed with HIV, you'll be referred to a specialist HIV center to discuss handling right away.
HIV has a window menstruum, meaning it can take a certain length of fourth dimension for a test to be able to detect the virus in your trunk. Many newer tests can determine results in 99% of people 45 days following their potential exposure. If yous think you might have been exposed to HIV, it may not show up in a blood examination for 45 days. Signal-of-care testing and at-home testing tin have an even longer window period, sometimes lasting upwards to 12 weeks.
Treatment for HIV
In that location is no cure for HIV, only the infection tin exist managed, allowing people with the virus to lead long and normal lives. Treatment for HIV ordinarily involves a number of different antiretroviral (ARV) drugs. The virus requires an enzyme called protease in lodge to replicate, so treatment will involve protease inhibitors equally well as ARV drugs. This combination of medications is called highly active antiretroviral treatment, or HAART.
The aim of treatment is to reduce the level of circulating virus particles in your trunk to a bespeak where HIV is no longer detectable. This means that the virus is at such low levels that it won't crusade almost as much damage to your immune system, and you likely won't be able to transmit information technology to anyone. Undetectable means untransmissable. Many people attain this level inside half dozen months of treatment.
HIV drugs, like any medication, can cause side effects, such equally nausea, diarrhea, headache and rash. Some people experience long-term side effects, such as changes in blood cholesterol levels or interference with liver or kidney functioning. You'll be regularly monitored for these side effects in one case you beginning medication therapy.
How well the treatment is working is monitored by 2 parameters: the HIV viral load, significant how many viral particles are present in your blood, and the CD4 count, which is a measure of how much the HIV virus has damaged specific blood cells of your immune organization.
Post-exposure prophylaxis, or PEP, is a set of medications that you lot can take very presently afterwards potential exposure to HIV. In most cases, these drugs can prevent infection from occurring. This treatment should but be used in an emergency and must be taken within 72 hours of exposure. PEP is normally taken for a menses of 28 days.
Pre-exposure prophylaxis, or PrEP (bachelor under the brand names Truvada® and Descovy®), is a medication that y'all can take if you lot're at high take a chance of contracting HIV. These drugs tin protect yous from acquiring an infection with the virus. You can take PrEP daily or "on need," in which you take the medication right earlier you could potentially be exposed to the virus.
HIV Prognosis
HIV is a chronic status that currently has no cure, merely people with the virus take enough of effective options for managing the condition and living comfortably. Without handling, nearly every HIV patient will keep to develop AIDS. Yet, when doctors observe HIV early and brainstorm providing prompt handling, the prognosis for people with HIV is very skillful. Nowadays, someone who'south diagnosed early with a high CD4 count has the aforementioned life expectancy as someone without HIV. However, people with HIV practise announced to develop another conditions at before ages than those without HIV — including cardiovascular disease, kidney illness, lung disease, diabetes and cancer — which may equate to differences in quality of life.
If someone doesn't get treatment early, the virus volition progress and weaken their allowed system, which may cause more complications later in life. Still, treatment can still be effective, no matter when the virus is diagnosed.
There'southward a very minor group of people who, despite having HIV in their bodies, never develop AIDS. These patients are called "long-term nonprogressors," and it's not clear what makes them resistant to the furnishings of HIV.
The best style to prevent the spread of HIV is to practice safe sex activity, as this is how well-nigh cases are transmitted. Consistent and correct condom use tin prevent the spread of the virus. Sharing needles when misusing injectable drugs is another common form of transmission, and it's important to never share another person's needles or injecting equipment. If you're looking for assistance in overcoming drug addiction, contact the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration National Helpline at one-800-662-4357 for free and confidential counseling.
HIV tin exist transmitted from a significant parent to their unborn child, so it's important if y'all take HIV and go pregnant to inform your obstetrician immediately. They can aid y'all accept steps to reduce the gamble of spreading the disease to your unborn baby. Consider the apply of PrEP to prevent infection acquisition if you're unable to avoid potential contact with HIV.
Resource Links:
https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/default.html
https://www.fpa.org.united kingdom of great britain and northern ireland/sites/default/files/hiv-information-and-advice.pdf
https://world wide web.aidsmap.com/news/mar-2020/yes-same-life-expectancy-hiv-negative-people-far-fewer-years-good-wellness
https://www.nhs.united kingdom/conditions/hiv-and-aids/
https://medlineplus.gov/hivaids.html
https://bestpractice.bmj.com/patient-leaflets/en-gb/pdf/3000138/HIV%3A%20what%20is%20it%3F.pdf
https://www.tht.org.uk/hiv-and-sexual-health
https://world wide web.hiv.gov/hiv-basics
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Source: https://www.symptomfind.com/health-conditions/hiv-condition?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740013%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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